Iran Turns Saltwater Sweet: Nanotech and EDR Transform Water Supply in Arid Regions

Tehran - BORNA - The first phase of this cutting-edge treatment system was inaugurated to improve drinking water quality in one of Iran’s driest regions. With a daily capacity of 3,000 cubic meters, the plant includes two independent purification lines designed using the latest technologies in water science.

According to officials, EDR—a key innovation in the project—plays a crucial role in recycling brine wastewater and works in synergy with Reverse Osmosis (RO) systems to enhance overall efficiency. The knowledge-based company Payamavaran Nano Fanavari Fardangar, a pioneer in localizing EDR in Iran, has been instrumental in developing this strategic technology.

Nanotech-Driven Innovation

Nanotechnology enhances the purification process by coating the electrodes with nanoparticles, significantly improving ion transfer, lowering electrical resistance, and boosting overall efficiency. These enhancements translate to longer membrane life, reduced operational costs, and superior water quality.

What Is Electrodialysis?

Electrodialysis is a membrane-based electrochemical process that uses an electric potential to separate ions from water. It operates by arranging cationic and anionic membranes in an alternating sequence. When electricity is applied, ions are drawn through the appropriate membranes, significantly reducing water salinity.

Unlike traditional filtration systems that rely on physical barriers, EDR relies on ion induction—a mechanism where pollutants are pulled toward oppositely charged electrodes. This allows for lower energy consumption and minimal chemical usage.

The membranes used in this system are made of ion-exchange resins embedded in polymer fabrics, such as polyethylene. Precision spacing, coating technology, and resin quality are all engineered to optimize performance.

Why Reverse Electrodialysis (EDR)?

EDR works by periodically reversing the direction of the electric current to prevent membrane fouling. Its key advantages include:

• Low energy consumption (~0.4 kWh per cubic meter of water)

• High recovery efficiency, up to 90%

• Extended membrane lifespan, often exceeding 10 years

• Fully automated self-cleaning systems

• No need for anti-scaling chemicals, reducing maintenance costs

Thanks to these features—and the integration of nanotechnology—EDR has emerged as a cost-effective, sustainable, and reliable method for freshwater production and industrial wastewater reuse in Iran.

Global Context: EDR and Drought Resilience Worldwide

Electrodialysis and nanotech-based desalination are increasingly being adopted by water-stressed countries across the globe. Nations investing in EDR technology include:

• Singapore – Known for its NEWater recycling plants using EDR

• India – Deploying EDR in arid regions like Rajasthan and Gujarat

• China – Rapid expansion of EDR and nanotech water treatment in coastal provinces

• United States – EDR deployed in California and Texas for brackish water reuse

• Spain & Italy – EDR used in agricultural regions facing aquifer depletion

With the Bajestan project, Iran joins the ranks of technological frontrunners who are not only confronting water scarcity but pioneering innovative, domestically-built systems that could serve as a model for other arid regions worldwide.

This development affirms Iran’s growing position in the global conversation on drought adaptation, environmental technology, and resilient infrastructure in the age of climate change.

End Article